[Beliefs, perceptions and experiences in sexuality of Chilean adolescents with HIV acquired by vertical transmission]. / Creencias, percepciones y experiencias en sexualidad de adolescentes chilenos con infección por VIH adquirida por transmisión vertical.

BACKGROUND: Since the incorporation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) HIV has become a chronic condition, improving survival and allowing children with the virus to come in better conditions to adolescence, where they are faced with a series of changes, among them, to sexual awakening. AIM: To explore the main beliefs, perceptions and experiences in sexuality of a group of adolescents with HIV infection acquired through vertical transmission. METHODS: A qualitative research was carried out with exploratory and descriptive scope. Semi-structured interviews were applied to 28 adolescents, under control in hospitals in Santiago and Valparaíso, with HIV infection. The analysis was carried out according to the Grounded Theory. RESULTS: There was a lack of sexual education and a vision that focuses on risks, such as sexually transmissible infections or teenage pregnancy. There are fears about the possibility of rejection by others and of transmitting the virus to the couple or the children and they are invaded by feelings of shame and anger. CONCLUSION: It is important to train health professionals who work with this group, because they are identified as a reliable source of information and education.

Creencias, percepciones y experiencias en sexualidad de adolescentes chilenos con infección por VIH adquirida por transmisión vertical / Beliefs, perceptions and experiences in sexuality of Chilean adolescents with HIV acquired by vertical transmission

Resumen Introducción: Desde la incorporación de la terapia anti-retroviral (TAR) la infección por VIH ha pasado a ser una condición crónica, mejorando la sobrevida y permitiendo que los niños que han sido infectados con el virus lleguen en mejores condiciones a la adolescencia, donde se ven enfrentados a una serie de cambios, entre ellos, al despertar sexual. Objetivo: Explorar las principales creencias, percepciones y experiencias en sexualidad de un grupo de adolescentes con infección por VIH adquirida por transmisión vertical. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 28 adolescentes, bajo control en hospitales de Santiago y Región de Valparaíso, con infección por VIH. El análisis se realizó de acuerdo a la Teoría Fundamentada. Resultados: Se observó falta de educación sexual y una visión que se centra en los riesgos, tales como contagio de infecciones de transmisión sexual o embarazo adolescente. Existen temores frente a la posibilidad de rechazo de los otros y a transmitir el virus a la pareja o a los hijos y los invaden sentimientos de vergüenza y rabia. Conclusión: Es importante capacitar a los profesionales de salud que trabajan con este grupo, pues son identificados como fuente confiable de información y educación.

Background: Since the incorporation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) HIV has become a chronic condition, improving survival and allowing children with the virus to come in better conditions to adolescence, where they are faced with a series of changes, among them, to sexual awakening. Aim: To explore the main beliefs, perceptions and experiences in sexuality of a group of adolescents with HIV infection acquired through vertical transmission. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out with exploratory and descriptive scope. Semi-structured interviews were applied to 28 adolescents, under control in hospitals in Santiago and Valparaíso, with HIV infection. The analysis was carried out according to the Grounded Theory. Results: There was a lack of sexual education and a vision that focuses on risks, such as sexually transmissible infections or teenage pregnancy. There are fears about the possibility of rejection by others and of transmitting the virus to the couple or the children and they are invaded by feelings of shame and anger. Conclusion: It is important to train health professionals who work with this group, because they are identified as a reliable source of information and education.